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Review of Windows GPS Software for In-Car Navigation

Updated August 11, 2003

I created this site in 1997. Since then I have purchased and tried many GPS navigation software packages. For the most part, I have abandoned this quest for a good software package, primarily because software is not the problem. No software can overcome the reality that a Windows laptop PC is ill-suited as an in-car navigation tool for the following reasons:

  • Too big
  • Boots too slow
  • Power hungry
  • Unruly cabling
  • Difficult to automate
  • Crashes too much
  • Requires too much human intervention

In general, laptops don't fit seamlessly into the on-road experience very well. I find, in real life, I don't end up using a PC in the car as my default navigation tool. Instead, I generally use Skymap before I leave to determine a route and print a few maps, then take the maps and printed directions with me. I throw the GPS in the car, to be used only as a last resort in case I get lost. My primary in-car navigation tool is now a Garmin StreetPilot III, not a PC program, but a stand-alone navigation system. However, because the map data is so expennsive on the Garmin device, I still use Sony Skymap when travelling out of my area (places for which I don't have, and don't want to buy, StreetPilot maps). My full review of StreetPilot III is given below, with the other PC software reviews.

Despite these severe limitations, a laptop PC can be used for in-car navigation and the paragraphs below describe my experiences with some of the primary software packages available for doing so.

Update: Unfortunately, my favorite Windows GPS navigation software, Sony SkyMap 2000, is no longer available. Sony sold the software to a large Belgian-based map company called Tele Atlas.

If you disagree with my assessments below or have comments or additions you'd like to see here, please contact me.

The packages reviewed include:

Travroute Road Trips Door-to-Door 2000 Last updated 1/31/00
Sunninghill Systems GPSS
Delorme Street Atlas USA V7.0 (SA7) Last updated 07/09/01
Sony SkyMap 2000 Last updated 11/05/00
Rand McNally StreetFinder 2000 Last updated 1/31/00
Travroute Co-Pilot 2000 New 11/05/00
StreetPilot III New 8/11/03

Overview

First, I have to say that I haven't found any single software package that really gives me everything I want in an in-car navigation system. Some combination of the features of all the above packages with none of their shortcomings would probably be close to ideal, but still lacking. It seems like the technology is just not there yet for a really good system at an affordable price.

One major limitation is that Windows is simply not a very good platform for this kind of specialized application. In general, laptop PCs and Windows are poorly suited to in-vehicle use.

I didn't find the route calculation features of any of the packages without flaws either. Skymap 2000 is clearly the best in this category.

My ideal system would use voice control and speech. It would calculate directions and automatically turn them into a route to be followed and guide you there with turn by turn spoken directions. Along the way, you could ask for directions to restaurants, hotels, gas stations and other landmarks. The software would recalculate new directions to the side-trip (e.g. restaurant) guide you there, then remember your original final destination and guide you back on course towards it again. You could ask what street you were on, what city you were in, how far to some other city, nearest exit with a restaurant and gas, etc.

Like I said, we're not there yet.

All the software tested works with NMEA GPS units in a Windows environment (laptop PC), except where noted.

In each of the mini-reviews below, I provide short summaries of what I feel are the good and bad points of the package, followed by more detail.

Road Trips Door-to-Door 2000

Good: accurate directions, street detail
Bad: no turn-by-turn guidance

This program is not really designed for in-car navigation but this latest version does support GPS based moving maps now. It has pretty good street detail and the driving directions are generally good (better than SA7 but still not as good as Skymap, IMHO). The Door-to-Door program is designed to do one thing and that's compute directions from one place to another - and that's pretty much all it does. It has no features to calculate arbitrary distances or import routes. The Travroute folks have an in-car navigation system called Co-Pilot (see below).

Door-to-Door 2000 comes with a Windows CE program but I haven't been able to get this program to install on my Philips Nino. I don't know if this is a Door-to-Door problem or the typical WinCE/Windows nonsense.

Sunninghill Systems GPSS

Good: supports speech, low disk space needs, free
Bad: lack of maps and data

GPSS is free software which has a lot of potential. It is from the UK and doesn't have much in the way of detailed maps for the USA. It uses bitmapped maps and you can create your own maps to be used with GPSS. This is tedious however if you want to cover a large populated area with detailed street-level maps. There are all sorts of "open" file formats which would allow one to include data for hotels, restaurants, etc. as well as talking maps, with information on roads, exits, landmarks, etc. This is probably theoretically closer to what I want than any other software but none of this data is included with GPSS. It comes with a lot of data for the UK, especially around the author's offices, but there isn't a lot of detailed data available for GPSS. If GPSS had all the information SA7 has, as well as map data from Skymap 2000, along with sounds for all of it, it would be an incredibly useful navigation tool. The nice thing about GPSS is that it's highly configurable. In theory, one could put together "trip sets" containing special configurations, maps, sounds, and data, for a specific trip, and do so with minimum disk space. I did a few trips this way, by exporting maps by hand, and creating some info files from the USGS GNIS data also by hand, and it's a very tedious and slow process. If there were just a program to automatically create a set of maps and data files in GPSS format for a region or for a specific planned trip, that would be really nice. For example, you do your trip planning with Door-to-Door, then click "create GPSS set" and it produces a set of maps and data to load on the laptop for use on the road. In this way, the laptop resources could be very minimal, while still providing detailed maps, speech, driving directions, and landmarks.

GPSS makes it possible to create a detailed turn by turn navigation system, and I really applaud the author for keeping the file formats open. Unfortunately creating data sets for the program is a painstaking process, requiring hours and hours of labor intensive and error prone editing of files. The author has tried to provide several tools to assist in the process, but frankly, they're awkward and difficult to use. The program is a little buggy and while it has crashed a few times on me, more often what happens is that features you want to use just sort of disappear or stop working at some point during the session.

In short, GPSS has everything... everything except data and maps. I wish SA7 and Skymap had some of the features GPSS has to go along with their more comprehensive data and maps.

Street Atlas USA V7.0

Good: street-level detail, points of interest, routing, directions, speech
Bad: often inaccurate directions, high storage needs, poor support

I first reviewed Street Atlas USA Version 5.0 in 1997. Version 7.0 was released October 1999 and is the last version of Street Atlas USA I've tried. I have not tried Version 8.0 and, at this point, I don't plan to. I have not seen significant improvements in SA versions since V6.0 and, that, along with reduced product compatibility, weak technical support, and improvements in competing products, has greatly reduced my interest in and use of Street Atlas USA.

In general, Street Atlas USA has performed well, with caveats expressed. It comes on 2 CDs and requires a fairly powerful laptop to use. It needs over 600MB for a CD-less install.

It calculates routes and generates directions. It then uses speech technology to guide you to your destination.

There are a few negative points I've found. First, the routes and directions have been spotty. Many times they are accurate and useful. Sometimes they are just plain wrong. Most often, they are close, but some of the streets, turns, or exits are mis-named. This seems especially true in more dense regions with more complicated freeway systems.

In terms of real-time in-car navigation, it's generally very nice, but I do have a few issues. One thing I don't like is the panning and zooming when tracking GPS position. It doesn't seem to zoom automatically to useful levels. With SA7 I constantly find myself having to manually zoom in and out. I also have some problems with the voice navigation. First, while one can set the time at which SA7 speaks the directions and distance to the next turn (i.e. 90 seconds from the next turn), I haven't found a way to cause SA7 to repeat the directions automatically as you approach the turn (e.g. 5 minutes, 2 minutes, 90 seconds, 60 seconds). This would make solo use much easier. The computer generated voice isn't always easy to understand and SA7 speaks the directions fairly rapidly, especially when one is driving in an unfamiliar area and trying to read signs and deal with traffic while listening to SA7. I also haven't found any easy way to manually force SA7 to repeat the directions. The keys and commands for these common GPS and voice related controls seem too awkward in real-life use.

Delorme claims SA7 has over 2 million points of interest. I haven't counted, but it does have a great number of them, separated into several categories, including government, attractions, business, etc. I have found the majority of the restaurants and attractions I have searched for in SA7. Only about 20% of the time has a place I wanted to find not been in the SA7 POI database.

Another weak spot is Delorme tech. support and customer service. If you have any problems with SA7, you will be on your own. Delorme has a tech. support number which is a toll call. I have waited on hold for over an hour and given up before a representative answered. They don't respond to specific email questions. They simply have an auto-response telling you how to do a clean install. The support web site is usually out of date, lacking current accurate information.

Overall this is a nice program, but poor Delorme support and map inaccuracy lose points.

Sony Skymap 2000

Good: Accurate maps, speech, flexible disk space requirements
Bad: Only compatible with Sony GPS

This package has by far the best maps, far more accurate than any of the other PC software packages I've seen. These maps are from ETAK, the same as those used in many dedicated navigation systems.

One downside of this high level of accuracy is data size. Skymap map data requires three CDs, while most the other programs fit all their map data on a single CD. Skymap has a nice feature that allows use without a CD. It allows one to install detail maps for just the specific regions needed to the hard disk (e.g. for a specific trip). This is excellent for laptops with limited disk space and no internal CD-ROM.

Another disadvantage of Skymap is that it requires the Sony GPS and it isn't compatible with standard NMEA GPS receivers. However. the Sony GPS can operate in NMEA mode so it is compatible with other programs and it is relatively inexpensive. And one advantage of the Sony GPS for use with laptops is that it connects using a PCMCIA slot rather than a serial port. Many of the smaller laptops do not have a serial port without adding a docking module or a port expander. This makes Skymap a somewhat less cumbersome package in the car, compared to some other configurations.

The SkyMap user interface isn't as feature rich as SA7, but the fantastic map accuracy and detail, as well as turn-by-turn routing with voice guidance more than make up for it. SkyMap 2000 is my first choice for in-car navigation, edging out Delorme SA7 and (so far) Traveroute Co-Pilot.

Unfortunately, Sony sold the SkyMap product to a Belgian-based map company called Tele Atlas, and they no longer sell the software.

Rand McNally StreetFinder 2000

Truthfully, I haven't used this program. I couldn't pass it up at the price of $79 with GPS included. One thing to note about this program is that you need an Internet connection to calculate directions which is a serious limitation for in-car use. John Galvin has written an excellent review of StreetFinder Deluxe 2000 which is available on the GPS Nuts site.

Traveroute Co-Pilot 2000

Good: Navigation, speech
Bad: Weak maps/directions, price, speech recognition problems, requires Co-Pilot GPS

Co-Pilot 2000 comes with a hardware GPS unit and has a lot of features but is rather expensive ($400 retail) compared to the other packages reviewed.

The first thing about using Co-Pilot is that, like all navigation using Windows laptops, it takes a long time to get everything set up so you can start driving. By the time you get all the cables connected, the laptop booted, and Co-Pilot started, you could easily spend five minutes or more, just sitting in the driveway or parking lot (with the engine running to power the GPS).

The Co-Pilot GPS receiver requires separate power, which can come from the laptop via a PS-2 mouse port or via the cigarette lighter of the car. Co-Pilot map data comes on one CD and may be installed onto the hard-disk to allow for CD-less use in the vehicle (requires 650MB). Co-Pilot does not allow one to install only specific portions of the data.

In terms of planning the route, Co-Pilot is similar to its sister product Door-to-Door described above. Once you're on the road and using Co-Pilot for navigation, the program operates in one of two modes: Passenger or Driver mode.

In Driver mode, Co-Pilot will not display the maps when the car is moving. The text of the next route instruction (next turn) are shown on the screen in big letters, along with an arrow indicating the direction of the next turn, instead of the map. Voice commands, such as "Where am I" or "Next Turn" can be given to control the program.

In Passenger mode, the system assumes a passenger is operating the laptop. The maps are visible and the program allows full program control using the mouse.

In real-life use I've found the speech recognition of this system to be better than the average. However, I have still found that it sometimes stops functioning, requiring the program to be restarted. In these situations, the program just stops responding to voice commands for no apparent reason and you find yourself hollering at your laptop to no avail. It can be very frustrating if this happens just when you need the program during a real navigation scenario.

Once you've picked a destination, entered it into Co-Pilot, and enabled navigation, Co-pilot acts a lot like a dedicated navigation system. It speaks out the directions in a reasonably clear voice and in a reasonably sane manner. It is probably the best program of those reviewed here in this regard. I particularly like that pressing any key causes Co-Pilot to provide information on your position, speed, the next turn etc.

While I do not have a tremendous amount of experience with the program, I find the interface for selecting and creating routes and waypoints difficult to use. The feedback does not work well for me. I don't like the lack of direct control over routes. Co-Pilot always wants to do more than I want it to. It seems to have input modes or states that can produce unexpected results. In general, I wish it were more positive about what it was doing.

In terms of the driving directions, the routes the programs selects are sometimes questionable. In my experience, roads and turns are often mislabled and the driving directions often exclude some important actions while adding extraneous "turns". The routes Co-Pilot selects haven't been optimal or common (i.e. it's not the way most people go).

One feature that Co-Pilot has that is really nice is the automatic re-calculation of a route when you go off course. None of the other programs reviewed handle this situation as nicely as Co-Pilot. Unfortunately, since Co-Pilot's driving directions are often confusing, incorrect, or impossible to follow, it often leads you off course, making this feature a necessity. In these cases, you will eventually get where you want to go, but it might take some extra time that would have been avoided with a more accurate route and better driving directions to begin with.

I particularly dislike that when a stop is added (e.g. to force Co-Pilot to use a road I want to use), it declares this point the "destination" until it is reached and passed. I still want to know the distance to my real destination, not some random point along a highway. If the routes it selected were better in the first place, perhaps this would be less of an issue.

As for the map data itself, it's okay but not as good as Skymap's ETAK maps.

It's unfortunate that Travroute only, supports their overpriced GPS receiver. In general Co-pilot seems a bit overpriced compared to the competition. Traveroute says the price is justified because Co-Pilot implements features of full-fledged navigation systems costing thousands of dollars. There may be some truth to this in terms of the software features, but Co-pilot cannot overcome the limitations of using a general purpose Windows laptop in a vehicle, which is the major advantage of dedicated in-car navigation systems. Using Co-pilot means having a mass of cables spread around the interior of the car, with a laptop PC parked someplace. Traveroute recommends using a cassette adapter so Co-Pilot can talk through your stereo, but if you do that, you cannot listen to CDs or the radio at the same time. These are all symptoms of trying to use a laptop and Windows in ways in which they were not designed. Dedicated navigation systems have screens designed to be readable in bright sunlight; they have integrated speech designed to be heard in a loud automobile at highway speeds; they have electronics that operates on 12V power and they turn on and off automatically. Traveroute and Co-Pilot offer none of these features.

Therefore, I don't believe Co-Pilot's features can justify a price twice as high as Sony Skymap (including GPS) or four to five times higher than other competitors (e.g. Rand McNally StreetFinder including GPS for under $100). And, so far, regardless of price, I still like Skymap in real-life use, mostly because it is a smaller and cleaner package in the car, and it has better maps.

Garmin StreetPilot III

Good: Navigation, speech, maps, packaging
Bad: quirks, price, map data licensing

The Garmin StreetPilot III doesn't really qualify as a software program. It is a stand-alone navigation system. I included it in this list because it is what I am now using primarily instead of a laptop PC and GPS software.

The StreetPilot III is a relatively small device with a color LCD screen and an external speaker contained in the 12-volt in-vehicle adapter. The StreetPilot III speaks directions, but cannot be commanded using voice commands. It has a set of buttons on its front panel that are used to access menus for entering addresses, selecting destinations, setting options, and so forth.

It is more expensive than any of the software packages examined here, with a list price of $1,200 (street price around $800), but it does include all the hardware, so one doesn't need a laptop PC or separate GPS.

In general, StreetPilot III is far superior to any of the PC laptop alternatives for in-car navigation. If you have needs beyond, or other than, in-car navigation, then some of the laptop PC packages offer features not available with StreetPilot III. In particular, if you want to customize maps or interface with the software in some way, some of the other packages, such as Delorme and GPSS have more to offer than the mostly closed architecture StreetPilot III.

The major downside of the StreetPilot III is the exorbitant costs of the map data. When I got the StreetPilot III, it came with an unlock code for one (of seven) regions, with additional regions costing over $100 each. It appears that new units now come with unlock codes for the entire US.

For the money, StreetPilot III is pretty good compared to its competitors, but I still find it a bit lacking. The user interface is marginal. It sometimes fails to recognize something as a 'turn' and fails to provide navigation instructions.

The spoken directions are pretty clear and understandable (I use the English version). It handles going off course well, and automatically calculates a new route. It does not handle side-trips very well and seems to have no mechanism for inserting 'avoids' (e.g. to bypass a bad road, or traffic incident).

A lot of people love Garmin, and report wonderful tech. support. I have to say my experience has been mixed. I would really like if the SP3 were more 'open' and had some published APIs for interfacing to other applications/devices. As it is, I'm stuck with whatever Garmin decide to implement, which so far is not much beyond the basics.

Overall, I give it a 'fair' rating. It would be a bargain at $400, but is questionable at $800.